Grocery International Cost of Living Ranking

This report provides you with the rank of Grocery cost of living indexes as at April 2010 for each of our 282 global locations. The indexes are calculated using the prices for specific quantities of the same goods and services in each location, based on expatriate spending patterns across 13 broad categories (Basket Groups).
Grocery costs include food, non-alcoholic beverages and cleaning material items such as baby consumables, baked goods, baking, canned foods, cheese, cleaning products, dairy, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, fruit juices, meat, oil & vinegars, pet food, pre-prepared meals, sauces, seafood, snacks, soft drinks, spices and herbs.
The April 2010 grocery international cost of living rank is as follows:

April 2010 Rank Country, City

1 Kiribati, South Tarawa
2 Solomon Islands, Honiara
3 Central African Republic, Bangui
4 Japan, Tokyo
5 Denmark, Copenhagen
6 Congo, Brazzaville
7 Gabon, Libreville
8 Korea Republic of, Seoul
9 Norway, Oslo
10 Vanuatu, Port Vila
11 Bahrain, Manama
12 New Caledonia, Noumea
13 Switzerland, Geneva
14 Greenland, Nuuk
15 Switzerland, Zurich
16 Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou
17 Tuvalu, Funafuti
18 Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby
19 Cameroon, Douala
20 Bermuda, Hamilton
21 Korea Democratic Republic of, Pyongyang
22 Qatar, Doha
23 Sudan, Khartoum
24 Russia, Moscow
25 Australia, Sydney
26 United Arab Emirates, Dubai
27 Liechtenstein, Vaduz
28 Chad, NDjamena
29 Venezuela, Caracas
30 Djibouti, Djibouti
31 Micronesia, Palikir
32 Canada, Toronto
33 Mali, Bamako
34 Austria, Vienna
35 Samoa, Apia
36 Monaco, Monaco
37 France, Paris
38 Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain
39 Palau, Melekeok
40 China, Beijing
41 San Marino, San Marino
42 Italy, Milan
43 USA, San Jose Calif
44 USA, Anchorage AK
45 Canada, Vancouver
46 Brazil, Brasilia
47 Nigeria, Lagos
48 Angola, Luanda
49 Australia, Melbourne
50 Italy, Rome
51 Australia, Canberra
52 Nauru, Yaren
53 Comores, Moroni
54 Cote DIvoire, Abidjan
55 Cameroon, Yaounde
56 Benin, Cotonou
57 China, Shanghai
58 Iceland, Reykjavik
59 Canada, Calgary
60 Australia, Perth
61 Sao Tome and Principe, Sao Tome
62 USA, Philadelphia Pa
63 Indonesia, Jakarta
64 Spain, Madrid
65 Egypt, Cairo
66 China, Hong Kong
67 Ireland, Dublin
68 Sierra Leone, Freetown
69 Haiti, Port-au-Prince
70 Togo, Lome
71 Finland, Helsinki
72 Belgium, Brussels
73 USA, San Francisco Calif
74 Germany, Munich
75 Niger, Niamey
76 United Kingdom, London
77 USA, Boston Mass
78 Bahamas, Nassau
79 Azerbaijan, Baku
80 Afghanistan, Kabul
81 Lebanon, Beirut
82 Philippines, Manila
83 Spain, Barcelona
84 Seychelles, Victoria
85 Canada, Montreal
86 USA, New York NY
87 Germany, Frankfurt
88 Sweden, Stockholm
89 USA, Seattle Wash
90 Vatican City, Vatican City
91 Taiwan, Taipei
92 Estonia, Tallinn
93 Isle of Man, Douglas
94 USA, Washington DC
95 Turkey, Ankara
96 Germany, Cologne
97 Australia, Brisbane
98 Netherlands, Amsterdam
99 Guernsey, St Peter Port
100 Jersey, Saint Helier
101 Cayman Islands, George Town
102 Gibraltar, Gibraltar
103 Germany, Bonn
104 United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
105 USA, Los Angeles Calif
106 Slovenia, Ljubljana
107 Canada, Ottawa
108 USA, Cleveland Ohio
109 USA, San Diego Calif
110 Tonga, NukuAlofa
111 Martinique, Fort-de-France
112 Guam, Hagatna
113 USA, Baltimore Md
114 Grenada, Saint Georges
115 Germany, Hamburg
116 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
117 Barbados, Bridgetown
118 New Zealand, Auckland
119 USA, Miami Fla
120 Singapore, Singapore
121 Puerto Rico, San Juan
122 Liberia, Monrovia
123 Lithuania, Vilnius
124 Andorra, Andorra la Vella
125 Guinea-Bissau, Bissau
126 Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
127 Timor-Leste, Dili
128 Germany, Berlin
129 Senegal, Dakar
130 USA, Portland Ore
131 Rwanda, Kigali
132 USA, Denver Colo
133 Malawi, Lilongwe
134 Cyprus, Nicosia
135 Greece, Athens
136 Burundi, Bujumbura
137 USA, Chicago Ill
138 USA, Jacksonville Fla
139 Malta, Velletta
140 Jordan, Amman
141 USA, St Louis MO
142 Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan
143 United Kingdom, Glasgow
144 USA, El Paso Tex
145 Jamaica, Kingston
146 Somalia, Mogadishu
147 Marshall Islands, Majuro
148 USA, Tampa Fla
149 USA, Atlanta GA
150 Chile, Santiago
151 Australia, Adelaide
152 Kenya, Nairobi
153 USA, Phoenix Ariz
154 Guinea, Conakry
155 Latvia, Riga
156 China, Macao
157 Fiji, Suva
158 Uganda, Kampala
159 Gambia, Banjul
160 USA, Las Vegas Nev
161 USA, Pittsburgh Penn
162 Myanmar, Yangon
163 USA, Charlotte NC
164 Suriname, Paramaribo
165 Namibia, Windhoek
166 USA, Dallas Tex
167 Montenegro, Podgorica
168 Equatorial Guinea, Malabo
169 USA, Milwaukee Wis
170 China, Shenzhen
171 Falkland Islands, Stanley
172 China, Wuhan
173 United Kingdom, Birmingham
174 Slovakia, Bratislava
175 Nepal, Kathmandu
176 Cuba, Havana
177 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Kingstown
178 Zambia, Lusaka
179 India, Mumbai
180 United Kingdom, Leeds
181 Cape Verde, Praia
182 Lesotho, Maseru
183 China, Dalian
184 USA, Austin Tex
185 USA, Detroit Mich
186 USA, Fort Worth Tex
187 Bangladesh, Dhaka
188 Colombia, Bogota
189 Mauritius, Port Louis
190 Iraq, Baghdad
191 Saint Helena, Jamestown
192 Guyana, Georgetown
193 Laos, Vientiane
194 USA, Columbus Ohio
195 Bulgaria, Sofia
196 Croatia, Zagreb
197 Belarus, Minsk
198 Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
199 Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Johns
200 Saint Kitts and Nevis, Basseterre
201 Dominica, Roseau
202 India, New Delhi
203 USA, Memphis Tenn
204 India, Chennai
205 Czech Republic, Prague
206 Botswana, Gaborone
207 Hungary, Budapest
208 Portugal, Lisbon
209 Turkmenistan, Ashgabat
210 Kuwait, Kuwait City
211 Ghana, Accra
212 South Africa, Johannesburg
213 India, Calcutta
214 USA, Indianapolis Ind
215 India, Hyderabad
216 USA, Houston Tex
217 Belize, Belmopan
218 Eritrea, Asmara
219 Peru, Lima
220 South Africa, Cape Town
221 Morocco, Rabat
222 USA, San Antonio Tex
223 Thailand, Bangkok
224 Honduras, Tegucigalpa
225 Albania, Tirana
226 Kazakhstan, Almaty
227 Maldives, Male
228 Cambodia, Phnom Penh
229 China, Guangzhou
230 South Africa, Pretoria
231 Israel, Jerusalem
232 Mauritania, Nouakchott
233 Armenia, Yerevan
234 Serbia, Belgrade
235 Algeria, Algiers
236 Georgia Republic of, Tbilisi
237 South Africa, Durban
238 Costa Rica, San Jose
239 Saint Lucia, Castries
240 Bolivia, La Paz
241 Mozambique, Maputo
242 India, Bangalore
243 Uzbekistan, Tashkent
244 Panama, Panama City
245 Kosovo, Pristina
246 Syria, Damascus
247 Mexico, Mexico City
248 Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
249 Uruguay, Montevideo
250 Romania, Bucharest
251 Libya, Tripoli
252 Pakistan, Lahore
253 Guatemala, Guatemala City
254 Pakistan, Islamabad
255 Vietnam, Hanoi
256 Sri Lanka, Colombo
257 Pakistan, Karachi
258 Congo Democratic Rep, Kinshasa
259 Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
260 Madagascar, Antananarivo
261 Bhutan, Thimphu
262 Swaziland, Mbabane
263 Poland, Warsaw
264 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo
265 Moldova, Chisinau
266 Nicaragua, Managua
267 China, Tianjin
268 Macedonia, Skopje
269 Iran, Tehran
270 Tunisia, Tunis
271 Tajikistan, Dushanbe
272 Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar
273 Oman, Muscat
274 Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo
275 El Salvador, San Salvador
276 Ukraine, Kiev
277 Ecuador, Quito
278 Paraguay, Asuncion
279 Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek
280 Yemen, Sanaa
281 Zimbabwe, Harare
282 Argentina, Buenos Aires


This article may be freely copied as long as reference is made to http://www.xpatulator.com/

Clothing International Cost of Living Rank

This report provides you with the rank of Clothing cost of living indexes as at April 2010 for each of our 282 global locations. The indexes are calculated using the prices for specific quantities of the same goods and services in each location, based on expatriate spending patterns across 13 broad categories (Basket Groups). Our calculators make use of the cost of living indexes, based on your input and Xpatulator's data, to create reports online which you can save, e-mail or convert to a pdf file.

Clothing costs include clothing and footwear products such as business suits, casual clothing, children’s clothing and footwear, coats and hats, evening wear, shoe repairs, and underwear.
This report provides you with the rank of Clothing cost of living indexes as at April 2010 for each of our 282 global locations. The indexes are calculated using the prices for specific quantities of the same goods and services in each location, based on expatriate spending patterns across 13 broad categories (Basket Groups). Our calculators make use of the cost of living indexes, based on your input and Xpatulator's data, to create reports online which you can save, e-mail or convert to a pdf file.

Clothing costs include clothing and footwear products such as business suits, casual clothing, children’s clothing and footwear, coats and hats, evening wear, shoe repairs, and underwear.

Information from http://www.xpatulator.com

Miscellaneous International Cost of Living Ranking

This report provides you with the rank of Miscellaneous cost of living indexes as at April 2010 for each of our 282 global locations. The indexes are calculated using the prices for specific quantities of the same goods and services in each location, based on expatriate spending patterns across 13 broad categories (Basket Groups).
Miscellaneous costs include stationary, linen and general goods and services such as domestic help, dry cleaning, linen, office supplies, newspapers and magazines, and postage stamps.
The April 2010 miscellaneous international cost of living rank is as follows:

April 2010 Rank Country, City

1 Central African Republic, Bangui
2 Eritrea, Asmara
3 Norway, Oslo
4 Guinea-Bissau, Bissau
5 Finland, Helsinki
6 New Caledonia, Noumea
7 United Kingdom, London
8 Cape Verde, Praia
9 Denmark, Copenhagen
10 Qatar, Doha
11 Greenland, Nuuk
12 Guinea, Conakry
13 Russia, Moscow
14 Comores, Moroni
15 Iceland, Reykjavik
16 United Arab Emirates, Dubai
17 Italy, Milan
18 Switzerland, Geneva
19 Brazil, Brasilia
20 Isle of Man, Douglas
21 United Kingdom, Glasgow
22 Switzerland, Zurich
23 Italy, Rome
24 San Marino, San Marino
25 Liechtenstein, Vaduz
26 Congo, Brazzaville
27 Austria, Vienna
28 Estonia, Tallinn
29 Czech Republic, Prague
30 Guernsey, St Peter Port
31 United Kingdom, Birmingham
32 China, Macao
33 Germany, Munich
34 Benin, Cotonou
35 Belgium, Brussels
36 United Kingdom, Leeds
37 Jersey, Saint Helier
38 Japan, Tokyo
39 Turkey, Ankara
40 Malta, Velletta
41 Germany, Frankfurt
42 Falkland Islands, Stanley
43 Vatican City, Vatican City
44 Germany, Cologne
45 Monaco, Monaco
46 USA, San Francisco Calif
47 Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
48 Rwanda, Kigali
49 Armenia, Yerevan
50 Bangladesh, Dhaka
51 Bermuda, Hamilton
52 Netherlands, Amsterdam
53 Germany, Bonn
54 Liberia, Monrovia
55 Germany, Hamburg
56 Ireland, Dublin
57 USA, Boston Mass
58 Canada, Toronto
59 Iran, Tehran
60 Sweden, Stockholm
61 Grenada, Saint Georges
62 Germany, Berlin
63 Slovakia, Bratislava
64 Lithuania, Vilnius
65 France, Paris
66 Bahamas, Nassau
67 Sao Tome and Principe, Sao Tome
68 China, Beijing
69 Saint Helena, Jamestown
70 Canada, Vancouver
71 USA, Philadelphia Pa
72 Seychelles, Victoria
73 Cyprus, Nicosia
74 Syria, Damascus
75 USA, Portland Ore
76 Chad, NDjamena
77 Turkmenistan, Ashgabat
78 USA, Anchorage AK
79 United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
80 Latvia, Riga
81 Israel, Jerusalem
82 Hungary, Budapest
83 Gambia, Banjul
84 Greece, Athens
85 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
86 Canada, Calgary
87 China, Shanghai
88 Venezuela, Caracas
89 Nigeria, Lagos
90 Somalia, Mogadishu
91 USA, Phoenix Ariz
92 USA, Memphis Tenn
93 Oman, Muscat
94 USA, Los Angeles Calif
95 Botswana, Gaborone
96 Bahrain, Manama
97 USA, Chicago Ill
98 USA, New York NY
99 USA, Miami Fla
100 Canada, Montreal
101 USA, San Jose Calif
102 USA, Austin Tex
103 USA, Dallas Tex
104 Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar
105 USA, Tampa Fla
106 USA, San Antonio Tex
107 USA, San Diego Calif
108 USA, Denver Colo
109 USA, Seattle Wash
110 Spain, Madrid
111 Canada, Ottawa
112 USA, Las Vegas Nev
113 USA, Charlotte NC
114 USA, Pittsburgh Penn
115 Korea Republic of, Seoul
116 Lebanon, Beirut
117 Spain, Barcelona
118 USA, St Louis MO
119 Poland, Warsaw
120 Kiribati, South Tarawa
121 USA, Columbus Ohio
122 Singapore, Singapore
123 Ghana, Accra
124 USA, Atlanta GA
125 Marshall Islands, Majuro
126 Australia, Sydney
127 USA, Cleveland Ohio
128 USA, Washington DC
129 Mali, Bamako
130 USA, El Paso Tex
131 Senegal, Dakar
132 Portugal, Lisbon
133 Afghanistan, Kabul
134 USA, Fort Worth Tex
135 Togo, Lome
136 USA, Indianapolis Ind
137 Gibraltar, Gibraltar
138 Andorra, Andorra la Vella
139 Mexico, Mexico City
140 Ukraine, Kiev
141 Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
142 Belarus, Minsk
143 USA, Jacksonville Fla
144 Bulgaria, Sofia
145 Egypt, Cairo
146 Kenya, Nairobi
147 South Africa, Johannesburg
148 Nicaragua, Managua
149 Romania, Bucharest
150 China, Shenzhen
151 USA, Baltimore Md
152 Mauritania, Nouakchott
153 Maldives, Male
154 Cameroon, Douala
155 China, Wuhan
156 Kuwait, Kuwait City
157 South Africa, Cape Town
158 Chile, Santiago
159 Barbados, Bridgetown
160 China, Hong Kong
161 Haiti, Port-au-Prince
162 Madagascar, Antananarivo
163 Australia, Melbourne
164 China, Dalian
165 USA, Houston Tex
166 Slovenia, Ljubljana
167 South Africa, Pretoria
168 Australia, Canberra
169 Dominica, Roseau
170 South Africa, Durban
171 Cayman Islands, George Town
172 Saint Lucia, Castries
173 Martinique, Fort-de-France
174 Saint Kitts and Nevis, Basseterre
175 USA, Detroit Mich
176 Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Johns
177 Puerto Rico, San Juan
178 Uruguay, Montevideo
179 Myanmar, Yangon
180 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Kingstown
181 Namibia, Windhoek
182 Kazakhstan, Almaty
183 Tunisia, Tunis
184 Taiwan, Taipei
185 Australia, Perth
186 Sierra Leone, Freetown
187 Cameroon, Yaounde
188 China, Guangzhou
189 Zambia, Lusaka
190 Guam, Hagatna
191 Vanuatu, Port Vila
192 USA, Milwaukee Wis
193 Nauru, Yaren
194 Azerbaijan, Baku
195 Australia, Brisbane
196 Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
197 Thailand, Bangkok
198 Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo
199 Angola, Luanda
200 Colombia, Bogota
201 Suriname, Paramaribo
202 Solomon Islands, Honiara
203 Djibouti, Djibouti
204 Peru, Lima
205 Congo Democratic Rep, Kinshasa
206 Albania, Tirana
207 Honduras, Tegucigalpa
208 Mauritius, Port Louis
209 Jordan, Amman
210 Lesotho, Maseru
211 Micronesia, Palikir
212 New Zealand, Auckland
213 Morocco, Rabat
214 El Salvador, San Salvador
215 Kosovo, Pristina
216 Uganda, Kampala
217 Croatia, Zagreb
218 Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby
219 Costa Rica, San Jose
220 Paraguay, Asuncion
221 Swaziland, Mbabane
222 China, Tianjin
223 Tonga, NukuAlofa
224 Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan
225 Palau, Melekeok
226 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo
227 Burundi, Bujumbura
228 Macedonia, Skopje
229 Australia, Adelaide
230 India, Mumbai
231 Niger, Niamey
232 Cote DIvoire, Abidjan
233 Malawi, Lilongwe
234 Iraq, Baghdad
235 Korea Democratic Republic of, Pyongyang
236 Serbia, Belgrade
237 Tuvalu, Funafuti
238 Equatorial Guinea, Malabo
239 Vietnam, Hanoi
240 India, New Delhi
241 Philippines, Manila
242 India, Chennai
243 India, Hyderabad
244 Jamaica, Kingston
245 Yemen, Sanaa
246 Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain
247 Gabon, Libreville
248 Pakistan, Lahore
249 Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou
250 India, Calcutta
251 Georgia Republic of, Tbilisi
252 Pakistan, Islamabad
253 Moldova, Chisinau
254 Ecuador, Quito
255 Pakistan, Karachi
256 Bolivia, La Paz
257 Timor-Leste, Dili
258 Indonesia, Jakarta
259 Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek
260 Panama, Panama City
261 Uzbekistan, Tashkent
262 Nepal, Kathmandu
263 India, Bangalore
264 Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
265 Bhutan, Thimphu
266 Montenegro, Podgorica
267 Sudan, Khartoum
268 Cambodia, Phnom Penh
269 Guatemala, Guatemala City
270 Guyana, Georgetown
271 Zimbabwe, Harare
272 Argentina, Buenos Aires
273 Libya, Tripoli
274 Mozambique, Maputo
275 Samoa, Apia
276 Laos, Vientiane
277 Algeria, Algiers
278 Cuba, Havana
279 Fiji, Suva
280 Belize, Belmopan
281 Tajikistan, Dushanbe
282 Sri Lanka, Colombo


This article may be freely copied as long as reference is made to http://www.xpatulator.com/

Expatriate Engagement

Engagement is a fairly recent term in business. In the past the talk was about “attracting, motivating and retaining” expatriate employees. All three strategies focused primarily on money. A competitive salary that takes into account the relative cost of living, exchange rate and hardship together with global expatriate benefits such as longer vacations, flights home, private school, club membership and the like were typically used to “attract” expatriates to where their skills were needed most. Bonuses, performance based pay, and recognition plans were used to “motivate” expatriates. Shares, retirement plans and tax-free gratuities were typically used to “retain” expatriates using the so-called golden handcuff approach.
The financial crises and recession have in my view provided further proof that money alone is not enough. When money gets tight will your expatriate employees stay and will they be motivated? Money on it’s own will not motivate or retain an expatriate when annual salary increases are reduced, bonuses are negligible if they are paid at all and shares are not performing.

To ensure expatriates will stay when times get tough, an engaged expatriate is required. An engaged expatriate is one who is committed to the organization (i.e. the host organization). An engaged expatriate is willing to exert extra effort in accomplishing tasks important to the achievement of the organizations goals.

Recruitment and Promotion
Ensuring that expatriates are put in the right job is a prerequisite for engagement. In reality expatriates are often hired because their skills are not locally available and because they are willing to relocate to a location that most people would not want to live in. As a result expatriates are often hired for their technical skills and not for their behavior, which in their home country would have been closely analyzed and subject to rigorous reference checking. It is critical that the right expatriate is recruited into the right job taking all aspects into account, including personality, age, culture, attitude, and previous track record through quality reference checks.

High Performance Standards
Average performance is usually associated with easy, low demand work. Responsibilities and accountabilities need to be well defined with clear perceptible differences compared to those they report to and to those who in turn report to them. Where differences in accountability are not clearly defined the result is a “non-job”. It is not possible to perform in a non-job as it is not clear who is accountable for what!
For engagement, expatriates need to be challenged with high standards of performance that will test their abilities fully. Hiring over qualified, over experienced expatriates into jobs that are too small for them will leave them unchallenged. Expatriates often perform badly when unchallenged by the job, but rise to accomplish the most difficult tasks when properly challenged.

Feedback
An engaged expatriate requires feedback. With this information the expatriate can control their outputs, measure how they are doing, guide themselves to reach their goals, and accept complete responsibility for their tasks, assignment and job.
In conclusion I ask again. When money gets tight will your expatriate employees stay and will they be motivated? A competitive salary that takes into account the relative cost of living, exchange rate and compensation for the hardship of living in an unfamiliar/foreign location together with global expatriate benefits will attract and to some degree retain expatriates. However if you really want your expatriates to stay motivated when times get tough you need to ensure you have engaged expatriates. Engaged expatriates are committed to the organization. You can better engage your expatriates by ensuring that expatriates are put in the right job, are challenged with high standards of performance that will test their abilities fully, and by providing feedback on how they are doing.

This article may be freely copied as long as reference is made to http://www.xpatulator.com/

Salary Purchasing Power Parity

Internationally comparable cost of living data is crucial to forming sustainable expatriate pay policies and monitoring progress.  Market exchange rates give misleading comparisons because they do not reflect salary purchasing power differences. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) accounts for price differences between countries and so measures real quantities.

The purpose of an expatriate pay program is to maintain employee spending power and standard of living irrespective of global location. Salary Purchasing Power Parity (SPPP) is the amount of salary that equalizes the purchasing power of different currencies given the relative cost of the same basket of goods (cost of living) at the exchange rate versus one US Dollar.  This means that a given salary, when converted into different currencies at the SPPP rates, will buy the same basket of goods and services in all countries.

Currency exchange rates are highly volatile as they are based on short-term factors and are subject to substantial distortions from speculative movements, economic outlook and government interventions. Currency exchange rates, on their own, do not in our view reflect cost of living changes in the short-term. Exchange rates, even when averaged over a period of time such as a year, are not a good measure of the comparative value of a salary in relation to its comparative international purchasing power. In the short to medium term at least, apparent changes in the comparative level of remuneration between one country and another may be principally a function of changes in the exchange rate as opposed to cost of living.

The basket of goods and services used in SPPP calculations is derived on an International basis and includes certain items often excluded from expatriate cost of living data (most notably housing costs), however any or all of the 13 basket groups can be included or excluded from a calculation.  SPPP's provide a reasonably good picture of the differences in standards of living for individual’s resident and paid in different countries.

This article may be freely copied as long as reference is made to http://www.xpatulator.com/